Izixhobo zamandla ze-Switch mode (SMPS) zibalulekile ekuvuleni amandla eenkqubo ze-solar photovoltaic (PV), ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukuguqula i-voltage ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Ngokungafaniyo nabalawuli abangasebenzi kakuhle, i-SMPS izitshintsha ngokukhawuleza ii-transistors ze-elektroniki zamandla (ezifana nee-MOSFET okanye ii-IGBT) kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu (kHz ukuya kwi-MHz).

Umgaqo-siseko kunye nokufaneleka kwelanga:

Olu tshintsho olusebenzisa i-frequency ephezulu ludala i-voltage ye-DC eshukumayo. Ngokulawula uguqulelo isekile yomsebenzi (umlinganiselo wexesha eliphakathi nelingekho ngexesha), i-voltage okanye i-current ephumayo ephakathi inokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Le voltage eshukumayo emva koko ilungiswa ibe yi-DC output ezinzileyo kusetyenziswa ii-inductors, ii-capacitors, kunye nee-transformers. Okubaluleke kakhulu, amandla amancinci ayasuswa njengobushushu ngexesha lotshintsho lokutshintsha, okuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle okuhlala kudlula i-90-95%. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindlela zokusebenzisa amandla elanga apho ukuqokelela amandla amaninzi kwiipaneli ezibizayo kubalulekile.

Izicelo eziphambili kwiSolar:

1. Abalawuli bokutshaja be-Power Point Tracking (MPPT) abaphezulu: Le yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokusebenza. Isiphumo sephaneli yelanga (iVoltage x Current) siyahluka kakhulu ngokobukhulu bokukhanya kwelanga kunye nobushushu. I-algorithm ye-MPPT isoloko ifumana indawo yokusebenza efanelekileyo yephaneli (iMaximum Power Point - MPP). I-converter ye-DC-DC esekelwe kwi-SMPS isebenza njengehashe elisebenzayo. Ilungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukumelana kwayo okusebenzayo ngokutshintsha umjikelo wayo womsebenzi, inyanzela iiphaneli ukuba zisebenze kwi-voltage ye-MPP. Kwangaxeshanye, iguqula ngokufanelekileyo le voltage yokufaka kwi-voltage echanekileyo efunekayo ukutshaja ibhanki yebhetri (umz., ukwehlisa i-voltage yephaneli ye-30-40V ukuya kwi-voltage yebhetri ye-12V okanye ye-24V). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-SMPS kuqinisekisa ukulahleka kwamandla okuncinci ngeli nyathelo libalulekileyo lokuguqula nokwenza ngcono.

2. Ii-DC-DC Optimizers (iiModule-Level Power Electronics - MLPE): Ezi zixhobo zincamathiselwe kwiiphaneli zelanga nganye nganye, zine-SMPS. Zenza i-MPPT kwiphaneli nganye ngokuzimeleyo, zinciphisa impembelelo embi yomthunzi okanye ukungalingani phakathi kweephaneli kwintambo. Zikwaguqula i-DC output yephaneli eguquguqukayo ibe yi-DC voltage esemgangathweni, elungiselelweyo yokufaka kwi-inverter ephakathi, nto leyo ephucula isivuno senkqubo iyonke.

3. Ii-Inverters zeGrid-Tie (i-DC-AC Stage): Nangona imveliso yokugqibela iyi-AC, inqanaba lokuqala ngaphakathi kwe-inverter yegridi libandakanya ukuguqulwa kwe-DC-DC okusebenzayo kakhulu kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-SMPS. Eli nqanaba lidla ngokunyusa i-voltage ephantsi ye-DC ukusuka kwintambo okanye kwi-optimizer (umz., 200-600V) ukuya kwi-voltage ephezulu kakhulu ye-DC (umz., 600-800V). Le voltage ephezulu ye-DC ibalulekile kwisigaba esilandelayo se-inverter ukuze kwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo i-voltage ye-AC ehambelana negridi. Ukusebenza kwe-SMPS kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter ngokubanzi.

Ngokwenyani, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ulawulo oluchanekileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukuguqula i-voltage ukuya kwicala ngalinye (i-step-up/boost okanye i-step-down/buck) yezixhobo zamandla ze-switch mode zenza ukuba zibe yimfuneko ekukhuliseni ukuvunwa kwamandla, ukuvumela ulawulo lwe-MPPT olukrelekrele, ukudibana neebhetri, kunye nokwenza kube lula ukunxibelelana kwegridi ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga zanamhlanje.