Switch mode power supplies (SMPS) dzakakosha pakuvhura kugona kwe solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, kunyanya nekuda kwekushanda kwavo kwakanaka uye kugona kwavo kushandura voltage. Kusiyana ne linear regulators dzisingashande zvakanaka, SMPS inochinja nekukurumidza ma power electronic transistors (akadai seMOSFETs kana IGBTs) pa high frequency (kHz to MHz).

Nheyo Yepfungwa & Kukosha Kwezuva:

Kuchinja uku kwemagetsi akakwira kunogadzira voltage yeDC inotenderera. Nekudzora kuchinja kutenderera kwebasa (chiyero chenguva yakatarwa neoff-time), avhareji yevoltage inobuda kana kuti current inogona kudzorwa nemazvo. Iyi pulsed voltage inozogadziriswa kuita DC output yakagadzikana uchishandisa ma inductors, capacitors, uye transformers. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, simba shoma rinobviswa sekupisa panguva yekuchinja kwekuchinja, zvichiita kuti kushanda zvakanaka kuwedzere kupfuura 90-95%. Izvi zvakakosha mukushandiswa kwezuva uko kuwedzera simba kubva kumapaneru anodhura kwakakosha.

Zvishandiso Zvikuru muSolar:

1. MaPower Point Tracking (MPPT) Charge Controllers: Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kukosha yekushandisa. Kubuda kwepaneru yezuva (Voltage x Current) kunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekusimba kwezuva uye tembiricha. Algorithm yeMPPT inogara ichiwana nzvimbo yakakodzera yekushanda kwepaneru (Maximum Power Point - MPP). SMPS-based DC-DC converter inoshanda sebasa. Inogadzirisa simba rayo rekudzivirira kupinda nekuchinja duty cycle yayo, ichimanikidza mapaneru kushanda paMPP voltage. Panguva imwe chete, inoshandura voltage iyi yekupinda nemagetsi chaiwo anodiwa kuti ichajise bhatiri (semuenzaniso, kuderedza voltage yepaneru ye30-40V kuenda ku12V kana 24V voltage yebhatiri). Kushanda kwakanyanya kweSMPS kunovimbisa kurasikirwa kwesimba shoma panguva iyi yakakosha yekushandura nekugadzirisa.

2. Zvigadzirisi zveDC-DC (Magetsi eModule-Level - MLPE): Zvichibatanidzwa pamapaneru ezuva ega ega, zvishandiso izvi zvine SMPS. Zvinoita MPPT paneru yega yega, zvichideredza kukanganiswa kwemumvuri kana kusawirirana pakati pemapaneru ari mutambo. Zvinoshandurawo DC output yepaneru kuita voltage yakajairika, yakagadziriswa yeDC yekuisa mu central inverter, zvichiwedzera kugona kwesystem yese.

3.Mainverter eGrid-Tie (DC-AC Stage): Kunyange zvazvo chinobuda chekupedzisira chiri AC, danho rekutanga mukati me grid-tie inverter rinosanganisira kushandurwa kweDC-DC kunoshanda zvakanyanya uchishandisa tekinoroji yeSMPS. Danho iri rinowanzo wedzera voltage yakaderera yeDC kubva patambo kana optimizer (semuenzaniso, 200-600V) kuenda kuvoltage yakakwira yeDC (semuenzaniso, 600-800V). Voltage yakakwira yeDC iyi yakakosha kune danho rinotevera re inverter kuti igadzire voltage yeAC inoenderana negrid. Kushanda kweSMPS kunokanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwe conversion ye inverter.

Muchidimbu, kushanda zvakanaka, kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka, uye kugona kushandura magetsi munzira mbiri (step-up/boost kana step-down/buck) kwemagetsi eswitch mode zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakuwedzera kugona kwesimba, kugonesa kudzora kweMPPT kwakangwara, kubatanidzwa nemabhatiri, uye kufambisa grid zvakanaka mukati memazuva ano esimba rezuva.