Ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa Switch (SMPS) ni ingenzi mu gufungura ubushobozi bwa sisitemu za photovoltaic zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV), ahanini bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo budasanzwe bwo guhindura amashanyarazi no guhindura amashanyarazi. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bigenzura umurongo bidakora neza, SMPS ihindura vuba transistors zikoresha amashanyarazi (nk'ama-MOSFET cyangwa ama-IGBT) ku buryo bwo hejuru (kHz kugeza kuri MHz).

Ihame ry'ingenzi n'akamaro k'izuba:

Uku guhinduranya kwa frequency yo hejuru bitanga voltage ya DC ihindagurika. Mu kugenzura guhinduranya akazi gakorwa (ikigereranyo cy’igihe cyo gukora ku gihe n’igihe cyo gukora ku gihe), ikigereranyo cy’amashanyarazi asohoka cyangwa umuriro gishobora kugenzurwa neza. Iyi voltage ikoreshwa mu gusohora umuriro iragenda yoroshywa mu buryo buhamye bwa DC ikoreshwa hakoreshejwe inductors, capacitors, na transformers. Icy'ingenzi ni uko ingufu nke zikurwaho nk'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo guhinduranya umuriro, bigatuma imikorere myiza ikunze kurenza 90-95%. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba aho gukoresha ingufu nyinshi mu gukusanya ingufu zituruka ku mapine ahenze ari ingenzi cyane.

Porogaramu z'ingenzi mu mikoreshereze y'izuba:

1. Ibikoresho bigenzura amashanyarazi byihariye (MPPT): Iyi ni yo ngiro y'ingenzi cyane. Umusaruro w'izuba (Voltage x Current) urahinduka cyane bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'izuba n'ubushyuhe. Algorithm ya MPPT ihora ibona aho ikora neza (Maximum Power Point - MPP). Imashini ihindura DC-DC ishingiye kuri SMPS ikora nk'ingufu. Ihindura mu buryo bufatika ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwirinda kwinjira binyuze mu guhindura imikorere yayo, ihatira panels gukora kuri voltage ya MPP. Muri icyo gihe, ihindura neza voltage y'iyi mashini kugeza kuri voltage ikenewe kugira ngo bateri isharirwe (urugero, kugabanya voltage ya panels ya 30-40V ikajya kuri voltage ya bateri ya 12V cyangwa 24V). Imikorere myiza ya SMPS ituma ingufu nke zitakaza muri iki gikorwa cy'ingenzi cyo guhindura no kunoza.

2. DC-DC Optimizers (Ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki ryo ku rwego rwa module - MLPE): Ibi bikoresho bifatanye n'ingufu z'izuba ku giti cyazo, birimo SMPS. Bikora MPPT kuri buri mbunda ku giti cyazo, bigabanyiriza ingaruka mbi zo gupfuka cyangwa kudahuza hagati y'ingufu mu mugozi. Binahindura umusaruro wa DC uhinduka w'ingufu za DC zisanzwe, zinoze kugira ngo zinjizwe muri inverter yo hagati, bikongera umusaruro muri rusange wa sisitemu.

3. Inverters za Grid-Tie (Stage ya DC-AC): Nubwo umusaruro wa nyuma ari AC, icyiciro cya mbere muri inverter ihuza grid-tie kigizwe no guhindura DC-DC neza cyane hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya SMPS. Iki cyiciro gikunze kongera voltage ya DC iri hasi cyane kuva kuri string cyangwa optimizer (urugero, 200-600V) kugera kuri voltage ya DC iri hejuru cyane (urugero, 600-800V). Iyi voltage ya DC iri hejuru ni ingenzi ku cyiciro gikurikiraho cya inverter kugira ngo ikore neza voltage ya AC ijyanye na grid. Ingufu za SMPS zigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere rusange ya inverter.

Muri make, ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, kugenzura neza, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri (step-up/boost cyangwa step-down/buck) by'amashanyarazi ya switch mode bituma aba ingenzi mu kongera ingufu, gutuma MPPT igenzura neza, guhuza na bateri, no koroshya uburyo bwo guhuza neza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi muri sisitemu zigezweho z'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.