Mphamvu zamagetsi za Switch mode (SMPS) ndizofunikira kwambiri potsegula mphamvu za makina a solar photovoltaic (PV), makamaka chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zabwino kwambiri komanso mphamvu zosinthira mphamvu zamagetsi. Mosiyana ndi ma linear regulators osagwira ntchito bwino, SMPS imasinthasintha mwachangu ma transistors amagetsi amphamvu (monga ma MOSFET kapena ma IGBT) pa ma frequency apamwamba (kHz mpaka MHz).

Mfundo Yaikulu & Kufunika kwa Dzuwa:

Kusintha kwa ma frequency apamwamba kumeneku kumapanga mphamvu ya DC yothamanga. Mwa kulamulira kusinthaku kayendedwe ka ntchito (chiŵerengero cha nthawi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthawi yomwe siikugwiritsidwa ntchito), mphamvu yamagetsi kapena mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kuyendetsedwa bwino. Mphamvu yamagetsi iyi imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito ma inductor, ma capacitor, ndi ma transformer. Chofunika kwambiri, mphamvu zochepa zimachotsedwa ngati kutentha panthawi yosinthira magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zigwire bwino ntchito nthawi zambiri kupitirira 90-95%. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ya dzuwa komwe kukulitsa mphamvu kuchokera kumapanelo okwera mtengo ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri mu Solar:

1. Olamulira Oyendetsa Ma Power Point Ochuluka (MPPT): Iyi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mphamvu ya solar panel (Voltage x Current) imasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi kutentha. Njira ya MPPT nthawi zonse imapeza malo abwino ogwirira ntchito a panel (Maximum Power Point - MPP). Chosinthira cha DC-DC chochokera ku SMPS chimagwira ntchito ngati ntchito. Chimasintha mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito mwa kusintha kayendedwe kake ka ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapanelo azigwira ntchito pa voltage ya MPP. Nthawi yomweyo, chimasintha bwino voltage iyi kukhala voltage yeniyeni yomwe imafunika kuti batire ija ijatsidwe (monga, kuchepetsa voltage ya panel ya 30-40V kukhala voltage ya batri ya 12V kapena 24V). Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa SMPS kumatsimikizira kuti mphamvu zochepa zimatayika panthawi yofunika kwambiri yosinthira ndi kukonza.

2. Zowongolera za DC-DC (Magetsi a Mphamvu a Module-Level - MLPE): Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi SMPS, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ku ma solar panels osiyanasiyana. Zimathandiza MPPT pa gulu lililonse padera, kuchepetsa kusokonekera kwa mthunzi kapena kusalingana pakati pa ma panels mu chingwe. Zimathandizanso kusintha mphamvu ya DC yosinthika ya gululo kukhala mphamvu ya DC yokhazikika, yokonzedwa bwino kuti ilowe mu inverter yapakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yonse ya dongosolo ikhale yogwira ntchito.

3. Ma Inverter a Grid-Tie (DC-AC Stage): Ngakhale kuti chotuluka chomaliza ndi AC, gawo loyamba mkati mwa inverter ya grid-tie limaphatikizapo kusintha kwa DC-DC pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa SMPS. Gawoli nthawi zambiri limawonjezera mphamvu ya DC yotsika kuchokera ku chingwe kapena optimizer (monga, 200-600V) kupita ku mphamvu ya DC yokwera kwambiri (monga, 600-800V). Mphamvu ya DC yokwerayi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa gawo lotsatira la inverter kuti ipange bwino mphamvu ya AC yogwirizana ndi grid. Mphamvu ya SMPS imakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu yonse ya inverter yosinthira.

Mwachidule, mphamvu yapamwamba, kulamulira kolondola, komanso mphamvu yosinthira magetsi mbali zonse ziwiri (kukwera/kukweza kapena kutsika/kutsika) kwa magetsi a switch mode zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pakukolola mphamvu zambiri, kulola kuwongolera kwanzeru kwa MPPT, kuphatikiza ndi mabatire, komanso kuthandizira kulumikizana bwino kwa gridi mkati mwa makina amakono amagetsi a dzuwa.