Cov khoom siv fais fab hloov hom (SMPS) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev qhib lub peev xwm ntawm lub hnub ci photovoltaic (PV) systems, feem ntau yog vim lawv qhov ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab muaj peev xwm hloov pauv hluav taws xob tau yooj yim. Tsis zoo li cov linear regulators uas tsis ua haujlwm zoo, SMPS hloov pauv hluav taws xob transistors (xws li MOSFETs lossis IGBTs) sai sai rau thiab tawm ntawm cov zaus siab (kHz txog MHz).

Lub Ntsiab Cai Tseem Ceeb & Lub Hnub Ci Tseem Ceeb:

Qhov kev hloov pauv zaus siab no tsim cov hluav taws xob DC pulsed. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kev hloov pauv lub voj voog ua haujlwm (qhov piv ntawm lub sijhawm qhib mus rau lub sijhawm tawm), qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob lossis tam sim no tuaj yeem tswj tau meej. Qhov hluav taws xob pulsed no ces raug smoothed mus rau hauv qhov tso zis DC ruaj khov siv cov inductors, capacitors, thiab transformers. Qhov tseem ceeb, lub zog tsawg kawg nkaus yog dissipated ua cua sov thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo feem ntau tshaj 90-95%. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv hnub ci qhov twg qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau hluav taws xob los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag kim yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb hauv Hnub Ci:

1. Qhov Chaw Tshawb Xyuas Lub Hwj Chim Siab Tshaj Plaws (MPPT) Cov Tswj Xyuas Kev Them Nqi: Qhov no yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub zog tso zis ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag (Voltage x Current) sib txawv ntau nrog lub zog ntawm lub hnub ci thiab qhov kub. Ib qho algorithm MPPT txuas ntxiv nrhiav qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag (Maximum Power Point - MPP). Lub SMPS-based DC-DC converter ua haujlwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws hloov kho nws qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev hloov pauv nws lub voj voog ua haujlwm, yuam kom cov vaj huam sib luag ua haujlwm ntawm MPP voltage. Tib lub sijhawm, nws hloov pauv qhov input voltage no mus rau qhov voltage tseeb uas xav tau los them lub roj teeb (piv txwv li, txo qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 30-40V vaj huam sib luag mus rau 12V lossis 24V roj teeb voltage). SMPS qhov kev ua haujlwm siab ua kom muaj kev poob zog tsawg kawg nkaus thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv tseem ceeb no thiab kev ua kom zoo dua.

2. DC-DC Optimizers (Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Qib Module - MLPE): Cov khoom siv no txuas nrog cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci ib leeg, thiab muaj SMPS. Lawv ua haujlwm MPPT rau txhua lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm lawv tus kheej, txo qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm kev ntxoov ntxoo lossis kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hauv ib txoj hlua. Lawv kuj hloov cov zis DC ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag mus rau qhov hluav taws xob DC uas tau teeb tsa zoo, zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub inverter hauv nruab nrab, ua kom zoo dua qhov tso zis tag nrho ntawm lub cev.

3. Grid-Tie Inverters (DC-AC Theem): Txawm hais tias qhov tso zis kawg yog AC, theem pib hauv lub grid-tie inverter muaj kev hloov pauv DC-DC zoo siv SMPS thev naus laus zis. Theem no feem ntau ua rau lub zog DC qis dua los ntawm txoj hlua lossis lub tshuab ua kom zoo dua (piv txwv li, 200-600V) mus rau lub zog DC siab dua (piv txwv li, 600-800V). Lub zog DC siab dua no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau theem inverter tom ntej kom ua tau zoo hauv kev sib txuas AC voltage. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm SMPS cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv ntawm inverter.

Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov ua tau zoo, kev tswj tau meej, thiab kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ob txoj kev (nce/ntxiv lossis nqis/ntxiv) ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab hloov pauv ua rau lawv tsis tseem ceeb rau kev sau hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws, ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm MPPT ntse, kev sib koom ua ke nrog roj teeb, thiab pab txhawb kev sib txuas lus zoo hauv cov kab ke hnub ci niaj hnub.